Ultimately, the approach developed by Ueda, Antanasijevic et al. These structures could then assemble themselves into vaccine particles with predicted geometrical shapes, which mimicked the virus and maximized the response from the immune system.ĭesigning artificial scaffold for viral glycoproteins gives greater control over vaccine design, allowing scientists to manipulate the shape of vaccine particles and test the impact on the immune response. The experiments showed that in each case, the relevant viral glycoproteins could attach themselves to the scaffold. This approach was tested using three viruses: influenza, HIV, and RSV – a virus responsible for bronchiolitis. developed a method that allows for the design of artificial proteins which can serve as scaffold for viral glycoproteins. Many scaffolds, however, are currently made from natural proteins which cannot always display viral glycoproteins. To ensure a stronger immune response, glycoproteins in vaccines are often arranged on a protein scaffold which can mimic the shape of the virus of interest and trigger a strong immune response. Glycoproteins that sit at the surface of the virus can act as ‘keys’ that recognize and unlock the cells of certain organisms, leading to viral infection. To do so, many vaccines contain viral molecules called glycoproteins, which are specific to each type of virus. Vaccines train the immune system to recognize a specific virus or bacterium so that the body can be better prepared against these harmful agents. This work demonstrates that antigen-displaying protein nanoparticles can be designed from scratch, and provides a systematic way to investigate the influence of antigen presentation geometry on the immune response to vaccination. Electron microscopy and antibody binding experiments demonstrated that the designed nanoparticles presented antigenically intact prefusion HIV-1 Env, influenza hemagglutinin, and RSV F trimers in the predicted geometries. Trimers that experimentally adopted their designed configurations were incorporated as components of tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral nanoparticles, which were characterized by cryo-electron microscopy and assessed for their ability to present viral glycoproteins. We first de novo designed trimers tailored for antigen fusion, featuring N-terminal helices positioned to match the C termini of the viral glycoproteins. To enable a new generation of anti-viral vaccines, we designed self-assembling protein nanoparticles with geometries tailored to present the ectodomains of influenza, HIV, and RSV viral glycoprotein trimers. Multivalent presentation of viral glycoproteins can substantially increase the elicitation of antigen-specific antibodies. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, United States.Center for Advanced Mathematics in Energy Research Applications, Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, United States.Amsterdam UMC, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, United States.Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, United States.Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, United States.Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States.International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, United States.Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, United States.Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, United States.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, United States.
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